<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nBa\u011flanma Kuram\u0131, John Bowlby ve Marry Ainsworth (1991) taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur. Bowlby (1969), 2 y\u0131l boyunca \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n birincil bak\u0131m verenlerinden ayr\u0131l\u0131rken nas\u0131l tepkiler verdi\u011fini g\u00f6zlemleyerek bu kuram\u0131 geli\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ba\u011flanma Kuram\u0131 \u00e7ocukluk ve bebeklik d\u00f6nemine odaklan\u0131r; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc ba\u011flanman\u0131n o d\u00f6nemlerde ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 savunulmaktad\u0131r. Bu kurama g\u00f6re yeni do\u011fan, hayatta kalabilmek i\u00e7in \u00f6zellikle birincil bak\u0131m vereniyle derin ve duygusal bir ba\u011f kurar. Bebeklik ve \u00e7ocukluk d\u00f6neminde birincil bak\u0131m veren ile kurulan ba\u011f olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemlidir; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu, ileriki d\u00f6nemdeki ili\u015fkilerde anlaml\u0131 bir ba\u011f kurabilmede etkilidir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ainsworth ve arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n (1978) yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya g\u00f6re 3 ana ba\u011flanma \u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc vard\u0131r; g\u00fcvenli ba\u011flanma, kayg\u0131l\u0131\/karars\u0131z ba\u011flanma ve ka\u00e7\u0131nmac\u0131 ba\u011flanma. Bu ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n amac\u0131 ba\u011flanman\u0131n niteli\u011fi belirlenmek; 12-18 ayl\u0131k bebeklerin birincil bak\u0131m verenlerinden ayr\u0131l\u0131rken verdikleri tepkileri, tekrar bir araya geldiklerinde verdikleri tepkileri ve birincil bak\u0131m vereni ile aralar\u0131ndaki ba\u011flanma ili\u015fkisini incelemektir. Bu deney anne ve bebe\u011fin oyuncaklar\u0131n oldu\u011fu bir odada k\u0131sa s\u00fcre yaln\u0131z kalmas\u0131yla ba\u015flar, ard\u0131ndan anne odadan \u00e7\u0131kar. Odaya yabanc\u0131 bir ki\u015fi girer ve bebek bu yabanc\u0131 ile odada kal\u0131r. Bir s\u00fcre sonra annenin odaya geri gelmesiyle birlikte bebe\u011fin verdi\u011fi tepkiler g\u00f6zlemlenerek, g\u00fcvenli, kayg\u0131l\u0131\/karars\u0131z ve ka\u00e7\u0131nmac\u0131 ba\u011flanma \u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerinden birinin olu\u015ftu\u011fu savunulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
G\u00fcvensiz ba\u011flanma \u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc olumsuz ko\u015fullarda yeti\u015fen bireylerde daha s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu bireylerin ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 reddedilmi\u015ftir ve bireylerin ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanaca\u011f\u0131na dair g\u00fcvenleri kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu sebeple ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra ba\u015fka psikopatolojilere olan yatk\u0131nl\u0131k bu t\u00fcr \u00e7ocuklarda daha net olarak g\u00f6zlemlenebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 Anne Sendromu Nedir? Nas\u0131l Olu\u015fur? <\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nDo\u011fumdan sonra anne sevgisinin daha da g\u00fc\u00e7lenerek baz\u0131 \u00e7ocuklarda a\u015f\u0131r\u0131ya ka\u00e7mas\u0131yla ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 anne sendromu (anneye ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k) olu\u015fabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3 ya\u015fa kadar sosyalle\u015fme becerileri olu\u015farak \u00e7ocuk bak\u0131m vereninden ayr\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken di\u011fer yandan ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 olmaya devam eder. 3 ya\u015f\u0131ndan sonra ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 olan ili\u015fkinin ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011fa d\u00f6nmesi beklenmektedir; fakat \u00e7ocuk 3-4 ya\u015flar\u0131na geldi\u011finde kendi yapabilece\u011fi \u015feylere izin verilmeyip onun yerine yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu sorunlar devam edebiliyor ve anne ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olu\u015fabiliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Anne ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na sebep olan fakt\u00f6rlerden baz\u0131lar\u0131:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ebeveynlerin yanl\u0131\u015f tutumlar\u0131 (a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 koruyucu ya da uzak olunmas\u0131),<\/li> \u00c7ocu\u011fun kendi ba\u015f\u0131na yapabilece\u011fi i\u015fler i\u00e7in f\u0131rsat tan\u0131mamak,<\/li> 2 ya\u015f d\u00f6neminde \u00e7ocu\u011fu desteklememek (bu d\u00f6nem \u00f6zerkli\u011fin olu\u015ftu\u011fu ya\u015ft\u0131r ve anne ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 fazlad\u0131r),<\/li> \u00c7ocu\u011fa \u00f6z g\u00fcven vermemek,<\/li> Bak\u0131m verenden ayr\u0131lma (ayr\u0131\u015fma) s\u00fcrecinin olmas\u0131 gereken zamanda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmemesi.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n